Appointment, placing and an assortment
Heat conductors in a building

the Lining of pipes in premises can be opened and hidden . Basically apply an open lining, as more simple and cheap. In this case the surface of pipes is used as heating and taken into consideration at definition of the area of heating devices and, except that, open surfaces of pipes, being cooled, increase a hydraulic pressure of a cooling liquid.

Placing podvodki - a connecting pipe between a strut or a horizontal branch and the device - depends on a kind of the heating device and position of pipes in heating system. For the majority of devices submitting podvodku on which hot water and return podvodku on which the chilled water is taken away from devices moves, lay horizontally (at length to 500 mm) or with not which bias. These podvodki depending on position of a longitudinal axis of the device in relation to an axis of pipes can be straight lines and with a space named "ѕ=ъющ". Preference give to a direct lining podvodok as ducks complicate preparation and installation of pipes, increase hydraulic resistance podvodok.

Knots vertical protochnoregulirovochnyh one-trumpet systems of water heating

a Fig. 45. Knots vertical protochnoregulirovochnyh one-trumpet systems of water heating
And - with priokonnymi struts and radiators (vertical axes of devices and windows coincide); - with zamonolichennymi struts and konvektorami (devices are displaced to struts from a vertical axis of windows); 1 - priokonnyj a strut; 2 - a radiator; 3 - an internal wall; 4 - zamonolichennyj a strut; 5 - konvektor

strut Placing - a connecting pipe between a highway and podvodkami - depends on position of highways in heating and placing system podvodok to devices. At placing of struts it is necessary to consider following recommendations:

to reduce length and diameter of struts for reduction of the expense of metal in them;
one-trumpet struts with unilateral podvodkami to devices to place on distance of 150 mm from an edge of a slope of window apertures (fig. 45;
to have struts in corners, obrazuemyh external protections;
to isolate struts for heating of staircases.

The Problem of placing of struts is inseparable from a choice of a kind of system of heating for a concrete building. One-trumpet systems at performance of the listed recommendations have advantage before the two-trumpet. Struts, as well as heating devices, have mainly at external walls - openly on distance of 35 mm from a surface of walls to an axis of pipes, or is hidden in furrows of walls or a file of walls and partitions (fig. 45. Struts at a lining in furrows should not adjoin closely a surface of building designs. Two-trumpet struts in diameter to 32 mm place on distance of 80 mm between axes of pipes, and submitting struts have on the right. In places of crossing of struts and podvodok skoby arrange on struts (instead of on podvodkah), and a bend turn towards a premise. Horizontal one-trumpet branches - distributive poetazhnye pipes of systems of water heating, and intermediate between struts and podvodkami - place under heating devices with a floor on the same distance from a surface of walls, as well as struts and without a bias.

highway Placing - a connecting pipe between a copper (thermal point) and struts - depends on appointment and width of a building, a kind of the accepted system of heating.

In inhabited low buildings it is rational to apply horizontal one-trumpet system of water heating when in one branch combine functions not only podvodki and a strut, but also a highway. Pipes of systems of water heating seldom lay strictly horizontally. As a rule, pipes mount with a deviation from a horizontal - a bias. In systems of water heating the bias of horizontal pipes is necessary for tap while in service air congestions (in the top part of systems), and also for samotechnogo descent of water from pipes (in the bottom part). In gravitational systems (systems with natural circulation of the heat-carrier) the lining of horizontal pipes with a bias on water movement is supposed. The bottom highways always lay with a bias towards a copper (thermal point) where at oporozhnenii systems water goes down in the water drain. A recommended normal bias of highways of gravitational systems 0,005 (5 mm on 1 m of length of a pipe).

For assemblage of steel pipes on a carving of heat conductors the connecting shaped products having a female thread are used. A material of connecting parts kovky - pig-iron. On fig. 46-48 the most common connecting elements are presented, and in tab. 31-34 are resulted them =шяюЁрчьхЁ№.

Table 31.

Transitive tees, crosses and mufty, futorki (the sizes, mm)

Conditional Passes	Tees, crosses				Futorki		Mufty
	L1	L2	Skidy		L	Skid X	L	Skid X
	L1	L2	X1	X2	L	Skid X	L	Skid X
20x15	30	31	17	20	26	16	39	15
25x15	32	34	18	23	29	19	45	19
25x20	35	36	21	23	29	17	45	18
32x15	34	38	18	27	31	21	50	22
32x20	36	41	20	28	31	19	50	21
32x25	40	42	24	28	31	18	50	19
40x15	36	42	18	31	31	21	55	21
40x20	38	44	20	31	31	19	55	24
40x25	42	46	24	32	31	18	55	28
40x32	46	48	28	32	31	16	55	20
50x25	44	52	24	38	35	22	65	30
50x32	48	54	28	38	35	28	65	28
50x40	52	55	32	37	35	18	65	26

Table 32

Straight lines short, direct long and compensating mufty,
Direct tees and crosses, direct squares (the sizes, mm)

Conditional Pass	Straight lines Short mufty		Straight lines Long mufty		Compensating mufty	Direct tees, Direct crosses		Straight lines Squares
Dv	L	skid h	L	skid h	L	L	skid h	L	skid h
15	28	5	36	13	100	28	18	28	18
20	31	6	39	14	100	33	21	33	21
25	35	7	45	17	100	38	25	38	25
32	39	7	50	18	100	45	30	45	30
40	43	7	55	19	100	50	33	50	33
50	47	7	65	25	100	58	39	58	39

Table 33.

Tees and crosses with two transitions (the sizes, mm)

Conditional passes D1xD2xD3	Tees with two transitions						Crosses with two transitions
	L1	L2	L3	Skidy			L1	L2	L3	Skidy
	L1	L2	L3	X1	X2	X3	L1	L2	L3	X1	X2	X3
20x15x15	30	31	28	18	20	17	30	31	28	17	20	17
20x20x15	33	33	31	20	20	20	33	33	31	20	20	20
25x15x20	32	34	30	18	23	17	32	30	34	18	23	17
25x20x20	35	36	33	21	23	20	35	36	33	21	23	20
32x20x25	36	41	35	20	28	24	36	41	35	20	28	24
32x25x25	40	42	38	24	28	24
40x25x32	42	46	40	24	32	24

Table 34.

Counternuts, caps and stoppers (the sizes, mm)

Conditional pass	Counternuts		Caps	Stoppers
DУ	N	S	L	L	S
15	8	32	19	26	14
20	9	36	22	32	17
25	10	46	24	36	19
32	11	55	27	39	22
40	12	60	27	41	22
50	13	75	32	48	27

Connecting parts from malleable cast iron

a Fig. 46. Connecting parts from malleable cast iron
And - a straight line short mufta; - a straight line long mufta; in - compensating mufta; g - a direct tee; d - a direct cross; e - a direct square

Connecting transitive parts from malleable cast iron

a Fig. 47. Connecting transitive parts from malleable cast iron
And - transitive a tee; - transitive a cross; in - futorka; g - transitive mufta

Connecting parts from malleable cast iron

a Fig. 48. Connecting parts from malleable cast iron

and - a tee with two transitions; - a cross with two transitions; in - a counternut; g - a cap; d - a stopper

Appointment, placing and an assortment Heat conductors in a building

Appointment, placing and an assortment
Heat conductors in a building