the Lining of pipes in premises can be opened and hidden . Basically apply an open lining, as more simple and cheap. In this case the surface of pipes is used as heating and taken into consideration at definition of the area of heating devices and, except that, open surfaces of pipes, being cooled, increase a hydraulic pressure of a cooling liquid.
Placing podvodki - a connecting pipe between a strut or a horizontal branch and the device - depends on a kind of the heating device and position of pipes in heating system. For the majority of devices submitting podvodku on which hot water and return podvodku on which the chilled water is taken away from devices moves, lay horizontally (at length to 500 mm) or with not which bias. These podvodki depending on position of a longitudinal axis of the device in relation to an axis of pipes can be straight lines and with a space named "ѕ=ъющ". Preference give to a direct lining podvodok as ducks complicate preparation and installation of pipes, increase hydraulic resistance podvodok.
a Fig. 45. Knots vertical protochnoregulirovochnyh one-trumpet systems of water heating
And - with priokonnymi struts and radiators (vertical axes of devices and windows coincide); - with zamonolichennymi struts and konvektorami (devices are displaced to struts from a vertical axis of windows); 1 - priokonnyj a strut; 2 - a radiator; 3 - an internal wall; 4 - zamonolichennyj a strut; 5 - konvektor
strut Placing - a connecting pipe between a highway and podvodkami - depends on position of highways in heating and placing system podvodok to devices.
At placing of struts it is necessary to consider following recommendations:
- to reduce length and diameter of struts for reduction of the expense of metal in them;
- one-trumpet struts with unilateral podvodkami to devices to place on distance of 150 mm from an edge of a slope of window apertures (fig. 45;
- to have struts in corners, obrazuemyh external protections;
- to isolate struts for heating of staircases.
The Problem of placing of struts is inseparable from a choice of a kind of system of heating for a concrete building. One-trumpet systems at performance of the listed recommendations have advantage before the two-trumpet. Struts, as well as heating devices, have mainly at external walls - openly on distance of 35 mm from a surface of walls to an axis of pipes, or is hidden in furrows of walls or a file of walls and partitions (fig. 45. Struts at a lining in furrows should not adjoin closely a surface of building designs. Two-trumpet struts in diameter to 32 mm place on distance of 80 mm between axes of pipes, and submitting struts have on the right. In places of crossing of struts and podvodok skoby arrange on struts (instead of on podvodkah), and a bend turn towards a premise. Horizontal one-trumpet branches - distributive poetazhnye pipes of systems of water heating, and intermediate between struts and podvodkami - place under heating devices with a floor on the same distance from a surface of walls, as well as struts and without a bias.
highway Placing - a connecting pipe between a copper (thermal point) and struts - depends on appointment and width of a building, a kind of the accepted system of heating.
In inhabited low buildings it is rational to apply horizontal one-trumpet system of water heating when in one branch combine functions not only podvodki and a strut, but also a highway. Pipes of systems of water heating seldom lay strictly horizontally. As a rule, pipes mount with a deviation from a horizontal - a bias. In systems of water heating the bias of horizontal pipes is necessary for tap while in service air congestions (in the top part of systems), and also for samotechnogo descent of water from pipes (in the bottom part). In gravitational systems (systems with natural circulation of the heat-carrier) the lining of horizontal pipes with a bias on water movement is supposed. The bottom highways always lay with a bias towards a copper (thermal point) where at oporozhnenii systems water goes down in the water drain. A recommended normal bias of highways of gravitational systems 0,005 (5 mm on 1 m of length of a pipe).
For assemblage of steel pipes on a carving of heat conductors the connecting shaped products having a female thread are used. A material of connecting parts kovky - pig-iron. On fig. 46-48 the most common connecting elements are presented, and in tab. 31-34 are resulted them =шяюЁрчьхЁ№.
Table 31.
Transitive tees, crosses and mufty, futorki (the sizes, mm)
Conditional
Passes |
Tees, crosses |
Futorki |
Mufty |
L1 |
L2 |
Skidy |
L |
Skid X |
L |
Skid X |
X1 |
X2 |
20x15 |
30 |
31 |
17 |
20 |
26 |
16 |
39 |
15 |
25x15 |
32 |
34 |
18 |
23 |
29 |
19 |
45 |
19 |
25x20 |
35 |
36 |
21 |
23 |
29 |
17 |
45 |
18 |
32x15 |
34 |
38 |
18 |
27 |
31 |
21 |
50 |
22 |
32x20 |
36 |
41 |
20 |
28 |
31 |
19 |
50 |
21 |
32x25 |
40 |
42 |
24 |
28 |
31 |
18 |
50 |
19 |
40x15 |
36 |
42 |
18 |
31 |
31 |
21 |
55 |
21 |
40x20 |
38 |
44 |
20 |
31 |
31 |
19 |
55 |
24 |
40x25 |
42 |
46 |
24 |
32 |
31 |
18 |
55 |
28 |
40x32 |
46 |
48 |
28 |
32 |
31 |
16 |
55 |
20 |
50x25 |
44 |
52 |
24 |
38 |
35 |
22 |
65 |
30 |
50x32 |
48 |
54 |
28 |
38 |
35 |
28 |
65 |
28 |
50x40 |
52 |
55 |
32 |
37 |
35 |
18 |
65 |
26 |
Table 32
Straight lines short, direct long and compensating mufty,
Direct tees and crosses, direct squares (the sizes, mm)
Conditional
Pass |
Straight lines
Short mufty |
Straight lines
Long mufty |
Compensating
mufty |
Direct tees,
Direct crosses |
Straight lines
Squares |
Dv |
L |
skid h |
L |
skid h |
L |
L |
skid h |
L |
skid h |
15 |
28 |
5 |
36 |
13 |
100 |
28 |
18 |
28 |
18 |
20 |
31 |
6 |
39 |
14 |
100 |
33 |
21 |
33 |
21 |
25 |
35 |
7 |
45 |
17 |
100 |
38 |
25 |
38 |
25 |
32 |
39 |
7 |
50 |
18 |
100 |
45 |
30 |
45 |
30 |
40 |
43 |
7 |
55 |
19 |
100 |
50 |
33 |
50 |
33 |
50 |
47 |
7 |
65 |
25 |
100 |
58 |
39 |
58 |
39 |
Table 33.
Tees and crosses with two transitions (the sizes, mm)
Conditional passes D1xD2xD3 |
Tees with two transitions |
Crosses with two transitions |
L1 |
L2 |
L3 |
Skidy |
L1 |
L2 |
L3 |
Skidy |
X1 |
X2 |
X3 |
X1 |
X2 |
X3 |
20x15x15 |
30 |
31 |
28 |
18 |
20 |
17 |
30 |
31 |
28 |
17 |
20 |
17 |
20x20x15 |
33 |
33 |
31 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
33 |
33 |
31 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
25x15x20 |
32 |
34 |
30 |
18 |
23 |
17 |
32 |
30 |
34 |
18 |
23 |
17 |
25x20x20 |
35 |
36 |
33 |
21 |
23 |
20 |
35 |
36 |
33 |
21 |
23 |
20 |
32x20x25 |
36 |
41 |
35 |
20 |
28 |
24 |
36 |
41 |
35 |
20 |
28 |
24 |
32x25x25 |
40 |
42 |
38 |
24 |
28 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
40x25x32 |
42 |
46 |
40 |
24 |
32 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 34.
Counternuts, caps and stoppers (the sizes, mm)
Conditional pass |
Counternuts |
Caps |
Stoppers |
DУ |
N |
S |
L |
L |
S |
15 |
8 |
32 |
19 |
26 |
14 |
20 |
9 |
36 |
22 |
32 |
17 |
25 |
10 |
46 |
24 |
36 |
19 |
32 |
11 |
55 |
27 |
39 |
22 |
40 |
12 |
60 |
27 |
41 |
22 |
50 |
13 |
75 |
32 |
48 |
27 |
a Fig. 46. Connecting parts from malleable cast iron
And - a straight line short mufta; - a straight line long mufta; in - compensating mufta; g - a direct tee; d - a direct cross; e - a direct square
a Fig. 47. Connecting transitive parts from malleable cast iron
And - transitive a tee; - transitive a cross; in - futorka; g - transitive mufta
a Fig. 48. Connecting parts from malleable cast iron
and - a tee with two transitions; - a cross with two transitions; in - a counternut; g - a cap; d - a stopper
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